All links accessed on October 5 2023

1. NICE guideline NG219. June 9 2022. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng219
2. Versus Arthritis. The State of Musculoskeletal Health 2023. https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/data-and-statistics/the-state-of-musculoskeletal-health/
3. UK Gout Society. About Gout. https://www.ukgoutsociety.org/get-help/
4. J Saliba et al. ‘Tophaceous Gout of the Middle Ear: Case Reports and Review of the Literature’. Audiol Neurotol. July 2019. 24;2:51–55. https://karger.com/aud/article/24/2/51/44204/Tophaceous-Gout-of-the-Middle-Ear-Case-Reports-and
5. WZ Zhang. ‘Why Does Hyperuricemia Not Necessarily Induce Gout?’. Biomolecules. February 14 2021. 11;2: 280. https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/2/280
6. EP de Oliveira & RC Burini. ‘High plasma uric acid concentration: causes and consequences’. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. April 4 2012. Vol 4; article number: 12. https://dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1758-5996-4-12
7. N Dalbeth et al. ‘Gout’. The Lancet. May 15 2021. 397;10287:1843-1855. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00569-9.
8. A Fenando et al. ‘Gout’. National Library of Medicine. StatPearls. December 27 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546606/
9. J Yin et al. Potential Mechanisms Connecting Purine Metabolism and Cancer Therapy. Front. Immunol. Sec. Nutritional Immunology. July 30 2018. Volume 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01697/full
10. J Maiuolo et al. ‘Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion’. Int J Cardiology. June 15 2016. 213: 8-14. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167527315303429
11. J Frank. ‘What are Purines?’. Arthritis-health. September 28 2020. https://www.arthritis-health.com/types/gout/what-are-purines
12. R El Ridi & H Tallima. ‘Physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid: A review’. J Adv Res. September 2017. 8;5: 487–493. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123217300346
13. NICE CKS. Gout. Last revised June 2023. https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/gout/
14. NICE. BNF. Treatment summaries. Gout. https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/gout/
15. B Waldman et al. ‘Effect of fenofibrate on uric acid and gout in type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the randomised, controlled FIELD study’. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. April 2018. 6;4: 310-318.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(18)30029-9/fulltext
16. SmPCs. eMC. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc
17. N Dalbeth et al. ‘Mechanism of Action of Colchicine in the Treatment of Gout’. Clinical Therapeutics. August 22 2014. 36;10: 1465-1479. https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918(14)00457-3/fulltext
18. NICE BNF. Colchicine. https://bnf.nice.org.uk/drugs/colchicine/