All links accessed on 30 January 2026.

1. NHS England Digital. ‘Non-elective inpatient spells at English hospitals recorded cause of falls’. Published 20 May 2025. https://digital.nhs.uk/supplementary-information/2025/non-elective-inpatient-spells-at-english-hospitals-occurring-between-01-04-2020-and-31-03-2025-and-a-recorded-cause-of-falls-for-patients-aged-18-and-65

2. NICE guideline NG249. ‘Falls: assessment and prevention in older people and in people 50 and over at higher risk’. Published 29 April 2025. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng249

3. Office for Health Improvement & Disparities. ‘Falls: applying All Our Health’. Updated 25 February 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/falls-applying-all-our-health/falls-applying-all-our-health

4. Age UK. Preventing falls. Last updated 16 December 2025. https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/exercise/falls-prevention/

5. M Montero-Odasso et al. ‘World guidelines for falls prevention and management for older adults: a global initiative’. Age and Ageing. 30 September 2022. 51;9: afac205, https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/51/9/afac205/6730755

6. World Health Organization. ‘Step Safely: Strategies for preventing and managing falls across the life-course’. 27 April 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978924002191-4

7. World Health Organization. Fact sheet. ‘Falls’. 26 April 2021.  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls

8. NHS Health A to Z. Falls. Last reviewed 6 March 2025. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/falls/

9. Ð Alićehajić-Bečić & H Smith. ‘Medicines and Falls’. National Falls Prevention Coordination Group endorsed by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. July 2023. https://www.rpharms.com/Portals/0/RPS%20document%20library/Open%20access/Pharmacy%20guide%20docs/Medicines%20and%20falls%209%2023%20(RPSendorsed).pdf

10. World Falls Guidelines. https://worldfallsguidelines.com/

11. British Geriatric Society. https://www.bgs.org.uk/

12. British Geriatrics Society. ‘World Guidelines for Falls Prevention and Management for Older Adults: A Global Initiative’. 30 September 2022. https://www.bgs.org.uk/world-guidelines-for-falls-prevention-and-management-for-older-adults-a-global-initiative

13. Department of Health and Social Care. ‘Physical activity guidelines: UK Chief Medical Officers' report’. Published 7 September 2019, last updated 9 January 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/physical-activity-guidelines-uk-chief-medical-officers-report

14. LJ Seppala et al. ‘STOPPFall (Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions in older adults with high fall risk): a Delphi study by the EuGMS Task and Finish Group on Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs’. Age and Ageing. July 2021. 50;4:1189–1199. https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/50/4/1189/6043386

15. PrescQIPP. Bulletin 300. ‘Medication and falls’. February 2022. https://www.prescqipp.info/our-resources/bulletins/bulletin-300-medication-and-falls/

16. British Geriatrics Society. Older adult pharmacy resources. Last updated 24 September 2024. https://www.bgs.org.uk/older-adult-pharmacy-resources

17. K Doyle et al. ‘The association between STOPPFall medication use and falls and fractures in community-dwelling older people’. Age and Ageing. 29 May 2025. 54;5:afaf138. https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/54/5/afaf138/8152739

18. A Darowski et al. ‘Medicines and Falls in Hospital’. British Geriatrics Society. March 2011. https://www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/attachment/2018-05-22/Falls_drug_guide.pdf

19. A Kharsa et al. ‘Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity’. StatPearls Publishing. Last update 7 July 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559059/

20. JH Chen et al. ‘Cholinesterase inhibitors for gait, balance, and fall in Parkinson disease: a meta-analysis’. npj Parkinsons Dis. 2021. 7;103. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41531-021-00251-1

21. NE Allen et al. ‘Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease’. Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews. 6 June 2022. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD011574.pub2/full