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2. Gov.UK. National Risk Register 2025 www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-risk-register-2025.

3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antimicrobial stewardship: systems and processes for effective antimicrobial medicine use. NICE guideline NG15. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng15/chapter/Recommendations.

4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antimicrobial stewardship Quality Standard (QS121 published 22 April 2016) www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs121.

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6. UK Health Security Agency. Antibiotic Guardian. Antimicrobial resistance – risks at home. https://antibioticguardian.com/keep-antibiotics-working.

7. NHS England. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/prevention/antimicrobial-resistance-amr.

8. Gov.UK. ESPAUR report 2024 to 2025: lay summary. Updated 13 May 2026. www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-surveillance-programme-for-antimicrobial-utilisation-and-resistance-espaur-2024-to-2025-report/espaur-report-2022-to-2023-lay-summary.

9. McCormick J, Mason EL, Simmons B, et al. Antimicrobial Resistance trends in England, 2019 to 2024: ESPAUR Report 2024-25. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2026;8(Suppl 2):dlaf243.001.

10. Gov.UK. Confronting antimicrobial resistance 2024 to 2029. Updated 8 May 2024. www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-5-year-action-plan-for-antimicrobial-resistance-2024-to-2029/confronting-antimicrobial-resistance-2024-to-2029.

11. PresQIPP. UK access, watch and reserve classification for antibiotic prescribing in primary care. www.prescqipp.info/our-resources/webkits/antimicrobial-stewardship/uk-access-watch-and-reserve-classification-for-antibiotic-prescribing-in-primary-care.

12. UK Health Security Agency.  UK Access, Watch, Reserve, and Other classification for antibiotics (UK-AWaRe antibiotic classification). Published 29 January 2025. www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-aware-antibiotic-classification/uk-access-watch-reserve-and-other-classification-for-antibiotics-uk-aware-antibiotic-classification.

13. NHS. About the NHS Long Term Plan. https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20250511091243/https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/about.

14. Slekovec C, Joly L, Pelaccia T. How can community pharmacists improve antibiotic use among outpatients? A qualitative study of pharmacists' clinical reasoning. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2025;7(6):dlaf209.

15. NHS England. Community pharmacy quality scheme 2020-22: findings and recommendations from the antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. Updated 30 May 2023. www.england.nhs.uk/long-read/community-pharmacy-quality-scheme-2020-22-findings-and-recommendations-from-the-antimicrobial-stewardship-initiatives/#summary.

16. Royal College of General Practitioners. TARGET antibiotics toolkit hub. https://elearning.rcgp.org.uk/course/view.php?id=553.

17. Ashiru-Oredope D, Doble A, Thornley T, et al. Improving Management of Respiratory Tract Infections in Community Pharmacies and Promoting Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Cluster Randomised Control Trial with a Self-Report Behavioural Questionnaire and Process Evaluation. Pharmacy (Basel) 2020;8(1):44.

18. Gov.UK. ESPAUR report 2024 to 2025: lay summary. Updated 13 May 2026. www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-surveillance-programme-for-antimicrobial-utilisation-and-resistance-espaur-2024-to-2025-report/espaur-report-2022-to-2023-lay-summary.

19. Antibiotic Guardian. https://antibioticguardian.com.

20. International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA). From resistance to resilience: what could the future antibiotic pipeline look like? www.ifpma.org/publications/from-resistance-to-resilience-what-could-the-future-antibiotic-pipeline-look-like.

21. World Health Organization. WHO releases new reports on new tests and treatments in development for bacterial infections. 2 October 2025. www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2025-who-releases-new-reports-on-new-tests-and-treatments-in-development-for-bacterial-infections.

22. Blaskovich MAT, Cooper MA. Antibiotics re-booted – time to kick back against drug resistance. NPJ Antimicrob Resist 2025;3(1):47.

23. Gov.UK. Resistance emerges to newest antibiotic. 29 April 2025. www.gov.uk/government/news/resistance-emerges-to-newest-antibiotic.