Other drugs
Medication for Parkinson’s disease – dopaminergics such as L-dopa and pramipexole, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI-Bs) -can increase oedema risk due to acting on dopamine receptor types D1 and D3 with arteriole vasodilatation. Pramipexole and bromocriptine may also exacerbate heart failure.15
Antipsychotics can cause arteriole vasodilatation by stimulating alpha-1 adrenoceptors or inhibiting 5-HT2 receptors. Notable are clozapine, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, and risperidone.
Oedema due to arterial vasodilation by inhibiting 5-HT2 receptors is a possible mechanism by antidepressants such as escitalopram, mirtazapine, paroxetine, and venlafaxine.
Carbamazepine can cause angioedema, although this is rare, and oedema may also be a consequence of carbamazepine worsening heart failure.15,28
Oedema is a common side effect for many chemotherapy agents. Mechanisms include interfering with different signally pathways, increased capillary permeability (capillary leak syndrome) possibly with faulty vascular development, impaired lymphatic generation reducing drainage, or as a secondary effect by causing cardiotoxicity and heart failure.15