All links accessed November 2 2021:

1. SH Lee et al. ‘Immunological pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease’. Intestinal Research 2018. 16:1;26-42. https://www.irjournal.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.26
2. NHS Health A to Z. Inflammatory bowel disease. Page last reviewed April 15 2020. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/inflammatory-bowel-disease/
3. NICE CKS. Ulcerative Colitis. Last revised April 2020. https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/ulcerative-colitis/
4. NICE CKS. Crohn’s disease. Last revised in August 2020. https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/crohns-disease/
5. Q Guan. A Comprehensive Review and Update on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Immunology Research. 2019, Article ID 7247238. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2019/7247238/
6. E Szigethy et al. ‘Inflammatory Bowel Disease#. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. April 2010. 19;2:301-318. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1056499310000088
7. K Freeman et al. ‘The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study of the IQVIA Medical Research Database’. BMC Gastroenterology. 2021. 21; Article 129. https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-021-01716-6
8. D King et al. ‘Changing patterns in the epidemiology and outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in the United Kingdom: 2000-2018’. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. May 2020. 51;10:922-934. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.15701
9. NHS Health A to Z. Crohn’s disease. Last reviewed April 22 2021. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/crohns-disease/
10. British Liver Trust. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC). https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/living-with-a-liver-condition/liver-conditions/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis/
11. E Skomorochow & J Pico. ‘Toxic megacolon’. Stat Pearls. Last updated July 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547679/
12. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Health. Toxic Megacolon. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/toxic-megacolon
13. P Nash et al. ‘Points to consider for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with Janus kinase inhibitors: a consensus statement’. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2021. 80:71-87. https://ard.bmj.com/content/80/1/71
14. eMC. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc
15. NICE. BNF. https://bnf.nice.org.uk/drug/
16. NICE guideline NG129. ‘Crohn’s disease: management’. Published May 3 2019. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng129
17. NICE guideline NG130. ‘Ulcerative colitis: management’. Published May 3 2019. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng130
18.MF Dubeau et al. ‘Drug-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease and IBD-Like Conditions’. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. February 1 2013. 19;2:445–456. https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/article/19/2/445/4604341