Clomifene is an anti-oestrogen which binds with oestrogen receptors in the hypothalamus stimulating gonadotrophin release. There is a risk of a multiple pregnancy, but rarely more than twins. Tamoxifen is also licensed for anovulatory infertility.¹⁸

Among the drugs affecting gonadotrophins, cetrorelix and ganirelix are luteinising hormone releasing hormone antagonists and inhibit the release of the gonadotrophins, LH and FSH. They are used in assisted reproductive techniques.

Urofollitropin is indicated for infertility in women with proven hypopituitarism or those who have not responded to clomifene. It is also license for superovulation treatment for assisted conception (such as in vitro fertilisation). Other gonadotrophins with similar uses include lutropin-alfa, menotrophin, follitropin, and choriogonadotropin alfa.

The dopamine agonist bromocriptine inhibits prolactin release by the pituitary and is licensed for female infertility.