All links accessed March 27 2020

1. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. ‘Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016’. The Lancet. September 16 2017. 390:1211-1259. https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(17)32154-2.pdf

2. C Greenough. Blog: ‘The National Back Pain Pathway’. NHS England. August 1 2016 https://www.england.nhs.uk/blog/charles-greenough/

3. M Ly et al. Blog. ‘Why are musculoskeletal conditions the biggest contributor to morbidity?’. Health Profile for England 2018. Public Health England. March 11 2019. https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2019/03/11/why-are-musculoskeletal-conditions-the-biggest-contributor-to-morbidity/

4. Department of Health and Social Care working with Public Health England and Department for Work and Pensions. Musculoskeletal Health: A 5 year strategic framework for prevention across the lifecourse. June 2019. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/810348/Musculoskeletal_Health_5_year_strategy.pdf

5. Health and Safety Executive. Annual Statistics. Data up to March 2019. ‘Work related musculoskeletal disorder statistics (WRMSDs) in Great Britain, 2019’. October 30 2019. https://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/causdis/msd.pdf

6. NHS. Health A to Z. Back Pain. Page last reviewed: January 14 2020. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/back-pain/

7. Versus Arthritis. Back Pain. https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/back-pain/

8. NHS. Health A to Z. Spondylolisthesis. Page last reviewed: April 2 2019. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/spondylolisthesis/

9. NHS. Health A to Z. Ankylosing spondylitis. Page last reviewed: July 11 2019. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ankylosing-spondylitis/

10. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Health: Conditions and Diseases. ‘Radiculopathy’. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/radiculopathy

11. NICE. CKS. Sciatica (lumbar radiculopathy). Last revised in March 2018. https://cks.nice.org.uk/sciatica-lumbar-radiculopathy

12. NHS. Health A to Z. Sciatica. Page last reviewed: August 21 2017. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sciatica/

13. NHS. Health A to Z. Lumbar decompression surgery. Page last reviewed: 23 July 2018. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lumbar-decompression-surgery/

14. NICE. CKS. Neck pain – non-specific. Last revised in October 2018. https://cks.nice.org.uk/neck-pain-non-specific

15. NICE Guideline NG59. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. November 2016. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng59

16. Making Every Contact Count for back pain. ‘Basic top tips for back pain and behaviour change’. http://meccback.co.uk/what-is-mecc/29-2/

17 NICE Quality standard QS155. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s. July 2017. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs155

18. NICE. CKS. Back pain - low (without radiculopathy). Last revised in November 2018. https://cks.nice.org.uk/back-pain-low-without-radiculopathy

19. MHRA. Products. https://products.mhra.gov.uk/

20. NICE. Clinical guideline CG173. Neuropathic pain in adults: pharmacological management in non-specialist settings. Published November 2013, last updated July 2019. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg173

21. ICE. CKS. Analgesia - mild-to-moderate pain. Last revised in September 2015. https://cks.nice.org.uk/analgesia-mild-to-moderate-pain