After completing this module, you should be more aware of:

• the characteristics of ADHD and how the term is applied;

• the impact of ADHD on development and achievements;

• ADHD prevalence and how diagnoses have increased over the past two decades;

• the potentially subjective nature of diagnosis with symptom frequency needing to be “often”;

• diagnostic criteria as set out in DSM-5 and ICD-11;

• how ADHD diagnosis in adults relies on childhood signs and symptoms;

• the range of diagnostic signs and symptoms relating to inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity;

• differential diagnoses and frequent presence of other conditions;

• risk factors and correlations associated with ADHD, and current thinking on potential influences;

• management of ADHD and the potential role of medication at different ages;

• possible mechanisms of actions of medication in ADHD;

• the expectation for annual review of ADHD medication including whether it is no longer needed.