Internationally, there is a range of pneumonia definitions and classifications, but the term is usually considered to apply to acute rather than chronic infection. Pneumonia is also used to describe non-infectious causes, and there are subcategories, adding to the range of classifications.13

As a number of different pathogens can cause the disease, each will have a different epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation and clinical course. NICE currently advises prescribers in primary care to “consider a point of care C€‘reactive protein test if, after clinical assessment, a diagnosis of pneumonia has not been made and it is not clear whether antibiotics should be prescribed.”6,13

Antibiotics should only be used where the C€‘reactive protein concentration is greater than 100mg/litre. Antibiotics should not be offered if the reading is less than 20mg/litre. For readings between 20mg/litre and 100mg/litre, a delayed antibiotic prescription can be offered for future use if the symptoms worsen.6

In addition, the British Lung Foundation advises patients should be encouraged to rest and drink plenty of fluids. Paracetamol is suitable for pain associated with breathing.14