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Around 235 Covid-19 vaccines are currently in development around the world. At the start of 2021, 63 were in clinical development (ie in Phase 1 to Phase 3 trials, including those given temporary/emergency authorisation for mass population use), while 172 were in pre-clinical development.3 
The World Health Organization updates a list of vaccine candidates twice weekly, tracking trial registries, public reports and Phase 3 endpoints. Where stated, only 11 potential vaccines so far are based on a single dose. Most require a two-dose schedule with the second dose after 14 days (five vaccines), 21 days (15 vaccines) or 28 days (18 vaccines) and one vaccine in development will require three doses. Intramuscular injection is the most common route of administration (47 vaccines) compared to intradermal (3), subcutaneous (2), and oral (3) routes.3 

WHO classifies the potential vaccines under 10 different mechanism/platform types: 

Covid-19 vaccine platform types in clinical development (as at 29/12/20)  Number of candidate vaccines  Proportion 
Protein subunit (PS)  19 30% 
Viral vector non-replicating (VVnr)  10 16% 
DNA 8 13% 
Inactivated Virus (IV)  9 14% 
RNA   7 11% 
Viral Vector (replicating) (VVr)  4 6% 
Virus Like Particle (VLP)  2 3% 
VVr + Antigen Presenting Cell (VVr+APC)  2 3% 
Live Attenuated Virus (LAV)  1 2% 
VVnr + Antigen Presenting Cell (VVnr+APC)  1 2% 

Source: WHO R&D Blueprint. Covid-19 – Landscape of novel coronavirus candidate vaccine development worldwide3 

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