People with autism may have difficulties with interpreting both verbal and non-verbal language like gestures or tone of voice. Sarcasm can be confusing as it is likely to be taken literally. Some autistic people may speak few or no words. They may take time to process what has been said or repeat what has been said by others (echolalia). Behaviour can appear abrupt, insensitive or ‘cold’ when lacking expected social interactions.1
Routine can be very important for autistic people, such as having set times for doing something or eating the same food at mealtime. A disturbed routine – whether a major event like Christmas or a change of school/workplace, or simple such as a bus route being diverted – can create anxiety.
There can also be repetitive behaviours such as hand flapping, rocking or the repetitive use of an object. Many autistic people develop intense interests, often from an early age, and may like to share their knowledge. However, they can become so engrossed in their interest that they then neglect other aspects of their life.
Autistic people may also experience over or under-sensitivity to stimuli such as light, noise, taste/smell, colours, temperature or pain. Shopping, schools or the workplace can cause sensory overload and be extremely stressful, meaning autistic people may seek to get away from crowded environments.